Understanding the mechanisms of splitting

‘Splitting’ is a psychological concept that describes an intricate pattern of thinking and behaviour that is also observable in relationships and interpersonal dynamics. It refers to a way of organising and perceiving experiences as either all good or all bad, with little to no nuance or grey area in between.

When splitting is relied upon regularly it can affect mental health and form part of a problematic personality structure. The tendency toward splitting may emerge when there is a struggle to navigate ambivalence or uncertainty and leads to viewing others and situations in extreme terms. Thinking styles such as all or nothing thinking, black and white thinking, as well as idealisation and devaluation are various forms of splitting. Rapid shifts from good to bad can create unstable relationships, for example when affection is suddenly replaced with more hostile feelings. Such opposing views can also occur within oneself where there can be fluctuation between a strong positive self-regard and hyper-criticalness, self-punishment or feelings of worthlessness.

Addressing splitting in therapy involves working toward a more balanced and integrated perception of oneself, others and experiences. It involves a meaningful and reflective therapeutic process with a focus on psychological development.

March 2024